Four Research-Based Benefits of Coaching
Coaching is the universal language of change & learning.
-CNN
A friend of mine recently asked me to explain coaching- why would someone hire a coach? Is this like doing yoga once a week? What’s the point? Is it really worth the investment?
If you’re curious, read more about what professional coaching is, as well as several research-supported benefits:
The Definition of Coaching
The International Coaching Federation (ICF) defines coaching as “partnering with clients in a thought-provoking and creative process that inspires them to maximize their personal and professional potential.” As a seasoned educator and leadership professor, I have found coaching to be one of the most powerful ways to achieve growth, skills learning, and goal achievement.
Coaching is essentially a one-on-one learning & development intervention that is:
✔️Client-driven: What’s on your agenda?
✔️Collaborative: What solutions can we co-create?
✔️Empowering: What vision do you want to see happen?
✔️Action-oriented: What is your next step?
There are different types of coaching, various approaches, and neighboring professions which overlap with similarities. Thus, confusion about coaching is common — how is coaching different from consulting or therapy? Each of these services provide powerful forms of help, but there are important differences:
Although the lines blur, consider these guidelines when deciding which help will meet your needs:
Find a mentor when you want someone who’s been there before you to show you the ropes.
Hire a consultant when you need an expert to diagnose a problem and propose an intervention.
Work with a therapist when you are struggling and need treatment for mental health challenges.
Seek a coach when you want a thought partner to help you meet specific goals for personal, professional, or leadership growth.
There are many different types of coaching, including, life, career, spiritual, relationship, productivity, business, leadership, and executive coaching. Many coaches have very defined niches, so you may be surprised to learn there is likely a coach who specializes in the unique need that you have.
The Benefits of Coaching
Common times to seek a coach include during transitions, when faced with new opportunities or challenges, and when desiring greater personal or leadership growth. Before you invest in hiring a coach, you may need to be convinced there will be a return on your investment. If you are an executive leader or HR manager seeking to partner with internal or external coaches, you also need to be able to justify and demonstrate that the financial commitment is worth it.
Although coaching is a relatively new profession, several research studies demonstrate the positive outcomes clients can experience. Some of the most common benefits experienced by clients include:
confidence & clarity
relationship & communication skills
learning & performance
leadership development
Confidence & Clarity
One of the greatest values of coaching is the space it creates for gaining confidence and clarity. A study conducted by Leedham in 2005 described perspectives from over 220 coaching clients on the top-rated benefits of coaching. Clients in the study used the following terms to describe the positive outcomes:
confidence, feel good, believe in myself, positive feelings
clarity of purpose, clear goals, focus
awareness & insights, self-analysis, reflect to see the big picture
The good news is that increased confidence often co-occurs with greater effectiveness in skills or behaviors. Participants in a 2014 study by Gyllensten & Palmer explained how increasing their confidence through coaching led to better job performance (i.e. tackling challenges more assertively, solving problems creatively, applying knowledge with greater assurance) and specific advantages outside of work (i.e. not bringing work home, happier relationships at home, etc.).
Learning & Performance
Another key benefit of coaching is the opportunity it provides to tailor learning goals to each client. Whereas training or instructing efforts typically are packaged in a broader, one-size-fits-all approach, individual coaching is designed to support unique learning needs.
Research from a 2009 study conducted by Griffiths & Campbell led to the creation of a learning-centered theory of coaching, which demonstrates that learning happens through four overlapping processes unique to the coaching experience:
Relating - a trusting relationship sets the stage for learning
Questioning - asking powerful questions (from the coach) drives deep insights
Reflecting - active self-reflection (by the client) results in new discoveries
Listening - listening creates space to notice and acknowledge the learning that occurs
Coaching is intended to encourage the client in moving from awareness to action, so the most effective coaching will facilitate opportunities for clients to integrate the new insights they gain into relevant action steps. In a 2015 review of coaching research including 17 studies, Jones and colleagues noted that one of the greatest positive outcomes of coaching was the transfer of learning to performance.
Relationships & Communication Skills
A third benefit of coaching is the potential to strengthen both communication & relationships. In a 2006 study published by Garvey, 17 HR professionals from different organizations observed that executive leaders who were coached experienced improved relationships across all levels - with managers, directors, and subordinates. And in Leedham’s 2005 study, several coaching clients reported more effective personal relationships as a positive outcome of being coached.
Other studies demonstrate specific ways that leaders enhance their communication skills as a result of being coached. For example, Kombarakaran and colleagues reported that direct reports experienced the following from their managers who had been coached:
more positive feedback
increase in transparent communication
greater access to information
an improved feedback loop
Leadership Development
A study by Ladegard and Gjerde in 2014 demonstrated that leadership coaching can serve as a valuable leadership development tool in a few specific ways. Results from this study showed that through coaching, senior leaders: 1) increased their confidence to navigate opportunities and challenges in their specific leadership role (leadership self-efficacy), and 2) increased their trust in their direct reports (which often leads to other important benefits in the manager - employee relationship).
Other research has shown how coaching can support the development of transformational leadership (TL) practices (Cerni et al., 2010; MacKie, 2014), which translates to leaders who: demonstrate greater integrity; are more responsive to employee needs; are more likely to inspire, motivate, and effectively challenge their employees; and are skilled at cultivating safe spaces to learn, experiment, and question.
“I believe that wherever there is mastery, coaching is occurring and whenever coaching is done, mastery will be the outcome.”
Other Benefits
If you are interested in exploring coaching for extra support, consider which specific benefits you are hoping to gain, and then do everything you can to maximize the opportunity during and in between your coaching conversations. There are other studies published in the last two decades that show additional benefits including:
increased productivity & goal achievement
skills development / performance improvement
stress reduction & better coping strategies
increased motivation / engagement
stronger emotional intelligence
more creative problem-solving skills
*Note: Undoubtedly many coaching benefits apply across coaching specializations. The research for this post is drawn from a number of studies reviewing workplace coaching- in which an external or internal coach was hired to engage employees in a specific type of coaching targeted to support employees, which could include: 1) skills coaching (targeted on improving a specific skillset), 2) performance coaching (increasing employee performance), or 3) developmental coaching (supporting broader personal or professional growth goals). See references below for the list of studies cited.
References
Cerni, T., Curtis, G. J., & Colmar, S. H. (2010). Executive coaching can enhance transformational leadership. International Coaching Psychology Review, 5(1), 81-85.
Dagley, G. (2006). Human resources professionals’ perceptions of executive coaching: Efficacy, benefits and return on investment. International Coaching Psychology Review, 1(2), 34-45.
Fischer, R. L., & Beimers, D. (2009). “Put me in, Coach”: A pilot evaluation of executive coaching in the nonprofit sector. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 19(4), 507-522.
Griffiths, K., & Campbell, M. (2009). Discovering, applying and integrating: The process of learning in coaching. International Journal of Evidence Based Coaching and Mentoring, 7(2), 16-30.
Gyllensten, K., & Palmer, S. (2014). Increased employee confidence: A benefit of coaching. The Coaching Psychologist, 10(1), 36–39.
Jones, R. J., Woods, S. A., & Guillaume, Y. R. (2016). The effectiveness of workplace coaching: A meta‐analysis of learning and performance outcomes from coaching. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 89(2), 249-277.
Kombarakaran, F. A., Yang, J. A., Baker, M. N., & Fernandes, P. B. (2008). Executive coaching: It works!. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 60(1), 78-90.
Ladegard, G., & Gjerde, S. (2014). Leadership coaching, leader role-efficacy, and trust in subordinates. A mixed methods study assessing leadership coaching as a leadership development tool. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(4), 631-646.
Leedham, M. (2005). The Coaching Scorecard: A holistic approach to evaluating the benefits of business coaching. International Journal of Evidence Based Coaching and Mentoring, 3, 30-44.
MacKie, D. (2014). The effectiveness of strength-based executive coaching in enhancing full range leadership development: A controlled study. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 66(2), 118.
